Every problem we diagnose — and how we fix it.

Non-lexical vocalizations inserted while the brain assembles the next clause. Drains perceived authority.

Involuntary repetition of phonemes, syllables or words. Often stress-triggered.

Whole-word loops as the speaker buys cognitive time.

Mid-sentence reset that signals an unprepared mental model.

Pauses above 1.2 s mid-clause read as uncertainty.

Empty connective tissue that dilutes propositional content.

High-frequency lexical fillers typical for Russian and Ukrainian speech.

Hedging tokens that signal low conviction.

Endings, gender, number or case do not agree across the clause.

Sentences do not link — listener loses the thread.

Common under cognitive load; reduces clarity score.

Detected and flagged; configurable strictness per audience (kids, B2B, public).

Wrong register for the social setting.

Acoustic markers of autonomic arousal detected from spectral features.

Listener comprehension drops; sounds defensive.

Loss of melodic contour kills persuasion.